# 2.2.3.2 Temperature Changes and Thermal Cycling

> From: LOCTITE®X Digital Manual for Bonding (https://www.loctitex.com/en/manuals/bonding/2.2.3.2-temperature-changes-and-thermal-cycling/)

##### 2.2.3.2 Temperature Changes and Thermal Cycling

Temperature changes can have a significant impact on materials and the selected joining method. Consideration must be given to the average operating temperature as well as the potential range of temperatures the assembly may be exposed to during its lifetime.

_Figure 34 Understanding the influence of temperature is critical for success_

![Figure 34 Understanding the influence of temperature is critical for success](/en/manuals/bonding/assets/img/assembly-temperature-ifluence-hot-cold.jpg)

Significant impacts of elevated temperatures are the expansion, softening and relaxation of materials. When designing components, it is critical to observe the capabilities and known resistance of the substrates. For example, heating systems commonly use metallic components because of their ability to withstand high operating temperatures while offering the necessary mechanical performance. Applications that combine the need for rigidity, high strength and high temperature resistance typically limit the use of polymers, rubbers, wood and glass. Understanding how a material will perform under specific or expected conditions is vital.

_Figure 35 Effects of thermal expansion on dissimilar materials_

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